Part 58 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN R 1279–1368 AD Yuan Dynasty & Mongol 元朝 16 Emperors Duration: 89 Years • Delhi Sultanate India 1206–1527 AD • Chagatai Khanate Transoxania Central Asia 1225–1687 AD • Tlemcen Kingdom Algeria Africa 1235–1556 AD • Mali Empire West Africa 1235–1610 AD From [ https://www.albert.io ]: Geography, the Camel, and the Foundation of Trade : The Sahara Desert spans approximately 9 million square kilometers — larger than Australia — of sand, rock, and hardship. Crossing it on foot is nearly impossible; crossing it with wheeled vehicles is suicide. The domestication of the dromedary camel (single-humped, adapted to extreme arid heat) transformed the Sahara from an impassable barrier into a navigable corridor. From [Wikipedia]: The one-humped dromedary makes up 94% of the world's camel population, and the two-humped Bactrian camel makes up 6%. Continued from [...
Part 57 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN R 1279–1368 AD Yuan Dynasty & Mongol 元朝 16 Emperors Duration: 89 Years • Mongol conquests [death toll 34,641,016 ÷2] 1206–1368 AD From [AI overview]: During the medieval era, sedentary dynasties were characterized by permanent capital cities, complex bureaucratic administration, and economies based on agriculture and organized trade. Sedentary Dynasties (Agricultural): Relied on intensive farming, grain production, and permanent city networks. Wealth and taxation were tied to land and massive trade networks (e.g., the Song or Ming Dynasties in China, or the Abbasid Caliphate in the Middle East). Medieval Mongol empires contrasted sharply with sedentary dynasties in their economy, governance, and military foundations. Mongols were nomadic pastoralists operating a highly mobile, mobile horse-archer military and decentralized tribal rule. Conversely, sedentary dynast...