Part 49 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN Q 960 AD to 1279 AD Song Dynasty China 18 Emperors Duration: 319 Years From [AI overview]: During the medieval period (approx. 500–1500 CE), Christianity was not a single unified entity but was classified into distinct, often competing, branches, with the Western Latin Church dominating Europe while the Eastern Orthodox Church controlled Eastern Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The central division occurred in 1054 CE with the Great Schism, which formally separated Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern (Greek Orthodox) traditions. Major Institutional Branches: Roman Catholic Church (Western or Latin Church): Centered in Rome under the Pope, this was the dominant religious institution in Western Europe. It was highly hierarchical, consisting of the Pope, cardinals, bishops, and local priests. Eastern Orthodox Church (Byzantine Church): Based in Constantinople, this branch was h...
Part 54 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: [8.10] Mice-tested engineered bacteria to detect cancer DNA. Specifically they engineered non-pathogenic A. baylyi to detect donor DNA released from CRC cells, organoids, and tumours. Integration of tumour DNA into the bacterial genome conferred resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin; antibiotic kanamycin works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, this medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections. Kanamycin is used to treat tuberculosis of the lungs and other organs upon resistance to other antituberculosis drugs. As such, kanamycin selection could be used as an easily measurable output for detecting colorectal tumours. Capitalising on the inherent ability of A. baylyi to take up foreign DNA through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a phenomenon known as natural competence, this represented the...