Part 36 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN P 907 AD to 960 AD 5 Dynasties and 10 Kingdoms Duration: 53 years From [AI overview] & my self-amendment: The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms "between 907 and 960 or until 979” was a chaotic period of political fragmentation in China following the Tang Dynasty, characterized by five rapid-succession regimes in the north and ten independent kingdoms in the south. Concurrently, the nomadic Liao Dynasty 916 to 1125 ruled the north, often influencing Northern Chinese politics. The Liao Dynasty “between 907 and 916 until 1125” was established by the Khitan people; this dynasty spanned from the late Tang through the Five Dynasties into the Northern Song era dynasty. Northern China faced rapid turnover, while the South saw relatively stable kingdoms. Liao Influence: The Liao often dictated northern affairs, including providing military support for the Later Jin dynasty and also ...
Part 36
Article: Timeline
My Blog Title: The untold the retold
Click on PDF to download from Part 1
COLUMN P
907 AD to 960 AD
5 Dynasties and 10 Kingdoms
Duration: 53 years
From [AI overview] & my self-amendment: The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms "between 907 and 960 or until 979” was a chaotic period of political fragmentation in China following the Tang Dynasty, characterized by five rapid-succession regimes in the north and ten independent kingdoms in the south. Concurrently, the nomadic Liao Dynasty 916 to 1125 ruled the north, often influencing Northern Chinese politics. The Liao Dynasty “between 907 and 916 until 1125” was established by the Khitan people; this dynasty spanned from the late Tang through the Five Dynasties into the Northern Song era dynasty. Northern China faced rapid turnover, while the South saw relatively stable kingdoms. Liao Influence: The Liao often dictated northern affairs, including providing military support for the Later Jin dynasty and also being defeated by Jurchen-led Jin dynasty afterward. Reunification: The period ended when the Song Dynasty reunified most of China. Note: The Jurchen-led Jin dynasty 1115 to 1234 and the Later Jin dynasty 1616 to 1636 were two distinct dynasties; Jurchen-founded states were in Manchuria Northern China. The predecessor from “the Western Jin and Eastern Jin” referred to as the “earlier Jin” conquered the Liao and Northern Song, ruling as a major dynasty before falling to the Mongols. The descendants: The Later Jin was established by Nurhaci, and preceded as the precursor of the Qing dynasty. The Later Jin dynasty was founded by Nurhaci 1559 to 1626, a Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain “leader or commander of a tribe” in 1616 in Manchuria. Nurhaci unified the Jurchen tribes, created the Eight Banners military system, and declared himself Khan of the "Great Jin" (Later Jin) to directly challenge the Ming dynasty, and dynastically proceed to the establishment of the Qing dynasty.
I type this phrase in Google search “Why India has so many dynasties and empires?” and from [AI overview] I have this answer: India’s ancient history features many dynasties due to its vast, diverse geography (mountains, rivers, and dense forests) that encouraged regional power centers rather than one central, long-lasting authority. High agricultural productivity, particularly in the Gangetic plains, allowed for surplus wealth and the rise of multiple competing kingdoms, while relative isolation from foreign invasion allowed regional rulers—such as the Mauryas, Guptas, and Cholas—to flourish, collapse, and be replaced, creating a cyclical timeline of diverse dynasties. From [Wikipedia]: The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian Plain or the Indus-Gangetic Plain, is a fertile plain spanning 700,000 km² (270,000 sq mi) across the northern and north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. It encompasses northern and eastern India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal, and almost all of Bangladesh. It is named after the two major river systems that drain the region–Indus and Ganges.
1,488,333 is the approximation of total death toll from war related balances by number summation of division periods from Part 36 to Part 40 of this column.
Pandyan dynasty India
(500 BC) - 1350 AD
Chola empire India
(350 BC) - 1279 AD
Roman empire (27 BC) - 1453 AD
Aksumite empire or Kingdom Ethiopia 150 AD to 940 AD
Frankish Kingdom: Western Europe 250 AD to 950 AD
Byzantine empire: 330 AD to 1453 AD Historically regarded as the Eastern Roman or continuation of Roman Empire
Toltec empire Mesoamerica
496 AD to 1122 AD
Wari empire Peru
500 AD to 1100 AD
Gurjara Pratihara Dynasty India
600 AD to 1136 AD
Arab–Byzantine Wars
Middle East North Africa
Southern Europe
[death toll 130,000÷3]
629 AD to 1050 AD
First Bulgarian empire: Balkans Southeastern Europe
680 AD to 1018 AD
Srivijaya empire: Malay Archipelago Sumatra, Indonesia 683 AD to 1293 AD
Balhae Kingdom: North Korea Manchuria 698 AD to 926 AD
Khazar Khaganate empire: North Caucasus 700 AD to 1000 AD
Kanem empire: northeast of Lake Chad in modern-day Chad Africa 700 AD to 1387 AD
Reconquista Iberian Peninsula (Christian Muslim War)
[death toll 7,000,000÷5]
711 AD to 1492 AD
Pala empire located in Bengal East India 750 AD to 1174 AD
Rashtrakuta empire or dynasty India 753 AD to 982 AD
Caliphate of Cordoba: Dynasty or Kingdom Iberian Peninsula
756 AD to 1031 AD
From [AI overview]: Medieval Islamic empires used the term "Caliphate" because they were led by a Caliph—meaning "successor" or "deputy" of the Prophet Muhammad. This role combined supreme spiritual leadership of the global Muslim community (ummah) with political rule over a trans-national empire, establishing both legitimacy and authority in the Islamic world from 632 to 1924. Political & Religious Authority: The Caliph was considered the religious leader (similar to a Pope) and political leader (emperor) combined, providing religious legitimacy to the dynastic rule. Succession of Authority: After Muhammad's death, his successors required a title. "Khalifah" signified they were maintaining the unity of the community and the state according to Islamic law. Imperial Expansion: The caliphates were not just religious institutions but large, multi-ethnic, and transnational empires that managed trade, taxes, and warfare in medieval periods.
The next 12 items of COLUMN P “907 AD to 960 AD” continued on Part 40.
SOURCE COMPOSITION
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[Text Reader - Text to Speech
Transkriptor]
[Odify - PDF Speaker and Reader
Tool Apps Hub]
[Read Aloud AI - Text to Speech
Mapache Dev]
[aiReader: AI Text to Speech
King Clover Studio]
[TTS Reader - Text To Speech withtheflow01]
MP4 to MP3
[Unlimited MP3 Audio Merger
Ambition Technologies]
MP3 tag and album art maker
[MusicBrainz Picard]
[MP3TAG The universal tag editor.]
MP3 volume-increase conversion
[MP3 Audio Gain and Equalizer]
[Super Sound Editor: Music Audio Editor, MP3 Cutter]
Photo maker for album art cover
[InCollage - Collage Maker Pic Collage,Photo Editor,
Grid SHANTANU PTE. LTD.]
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[Compress Image Size in KB&MB Zilory app]
Music Sources and Titles: Pixabay
[Content composition of “In-Brief Archives Facebook Page” and of my blogger page “www.ilovemytimeoranothertimeofyours.blogspot.com” in sound and music does not represent the pictures, videos and text contents.] [Music volume is increased if deviated from the actual files.]
[asia-115665]
[swift-valkyrie-remastered-229741]
[epicness-trailer-15-sec-391917]
Picture sources: Peakpx.com and Pexels, Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
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3:https://x.com/W_T_Han/status/2015387903715905735
4:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1J4VcWsQHH/
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7:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liao_Dynasty_in_1025.jpeg
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10:https://www.themoviedb.org/tv/72819/images/posters?language=zh-HK
13:https://rachelmeetschina.com/2019/12/05/pingyao-ancient-city-travel-guide/
14:https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1000950
15:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period#/media/File%3ALater_Jin.png
16:https://pandaist.com/blog/en/chinese-dynasty-jin-dynasty-266-420-ce-western-and
17:https://www.themoviedb.org/tv/81156/images/posters?language=zh-CN
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19:https://share.google/xuQGOmIr6HvEdY1lv
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21:https://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/chin/chinahistory/MingChingTransition.html
22:https://museocineseparma.org/en/scuole/le-dinastie-della-cina/119-1644-1911-qing-dynasty
23:https://share.google/1VXKSNjejK78dz3BE
24:https://share.google/SmvLnggH7NLYwPAqK
25:https://www.amazon.com.au/Patriot-Chinese-18-dvd-Episode-Region/dp/B00FQP1B8Y
26:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1CKFdan9WJ/
27:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_India
29:https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/social-science/physical-features-of-india/
30:https://www.britannica.com/place/Indo-Gangetic-Plain
31:https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/10/Ganges_Delta
34:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg
35:https://www.drishtiias.com/mains-practice-question/question-8618/pnt
36:https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/social-science/plateaus-in-india/
37:https://lotusarise.com/indian-peninsular-plateau-upsc/
38:https://www.studyiq.com/articles/pandyan-dynasty/
40:https://civilsonly.in/pandya-dynasty/
42:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_the_Cholas_with_the_Chinese
43:https://5sensestours.com/how-rajendra-chola-built-the-worlds-first-maritime-empire/
44:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19UvDs7idT/
45:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18jLfinqVg/
46:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1G9ktRQVDQ/
48:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1B7Mbq3Zs2/
49:https://www.visualcapitalist.com/map-roman-empire-maximum-extent-in-117-ad/
50:https://www.amazon.in/AKSUMITE-KINGDOM-ETHIOPIA-Introduction-Africas-ebook/dp/B0GMDLSH2K
51:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1DtidGyugy/
52:https://smarthistory.org/the-kingdom-of-aksum/
53:https://www.facebook.com/share/1CteQWAPM9/
54:https://www.facebook.com/share/1GxWYMDW7A/
55:https://share.google/wxEbX5CdzTUWcZGeH
56:https://share.google/1exEtq6e6ojsWVvlH
57:https://share.google/WQtpXISSzWEcgLrhe
58:https://travel.earth/byzantine-buildings-you-have-to-see/amp/
59:https://share.google/VbHV0HNpUIdHmybIa
60:https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/social-science/byzantine-empire-vs-roman-empire/
61:https://www.facebook.com/share/17srTiyhqk/
62:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18nNCgXeZ9/
63:https://www.facebook.com/share/1GWdXpwSxY/
64:https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesAmericas/CentralMap_AD950.htm
65:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/188UuCwCut/
66:https://share.google/hMx6UnhfGmrhF9EYY
67:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1CRbkaPN5C/
68:https://americanindian.si.edu/inkaroad/ancestors/beginningsoftheroad/wari.html
69:https://forums.ageofempires.com/t/new-civ-concept-the-wari/157950
70:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Ak1cgkaac/
71:https://share.google/YQ16ZLitBBH6Dikrj
74:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Gurjara-Pratiharas_%28circa_800-950_CE%29.png
75:https://www.amazon.com/Byzantine-Warship-Arab-7th-11th-centuries/dp/147280757X
76:https://share.google/CDNr2LbIOPaOkLUBG
77:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars
78:https://www.facebook.com/share/1AW9kt3y74/
79:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1B8bzgbGCg/
80:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1ZmBWNbVYz/
81:https://www.deviantart.com/realhist/art/First-Bulgarian-Empire-888729535
82:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1GJAMLPT97/
83:https://share.google/jkxfmaRLYB59mTjo5
84:https://www.amazon.co.uk/Rise-Fall-First-Bulgarian-Empire-ebook/dp/B07CDR5VVB
85:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1FygMDZcwA/
86:https://leminhkhaiblog.com/rescuing-history-from-srivijaya-part-2/
87:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1JyPHKyv4D/
88:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18byestzds/
89:https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5839/unified-silla--balhae-kingdoms/
90:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balhae_map.png
91:https://www.flickr.com/photos/joygant/2041229288
92:https://koreanhistoricaldramas.com/daejoyoung/
93:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18ChpXKUT8/
94:https://share.google/4ZF5q1aSvEw94qPwF
95:https://share.google/CCfZ5HOrNAz66wLbC
96:https://share.google/vuNVFoO31umy5Mm0P
97:https://www.britannica.com/place/Kanem-Bornu
99:https://www.facebook.com/share/1GqGER6NZU/
100:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1AtHyDqs6T/
101:https://compacthistories.com/warfare/the-reconquista/
102:https://share.google/ZtlptBU3CfD4viGoL
103:https://sevenswords.uk/the-reconquista-711-1492/
104:https://www.poojn.in/post/21166/pala-empire-history-key-figures-and-defining-events#google_vignette
106:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala_Empire
108:https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire
109:https://share.google/Cxevu63Snt4L9GLao
112:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Caliphate_of_Cordoba.png
113:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18ZK2S7pWs/
114:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1DmQgWzKNj/
115:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/17SKSQw1Vi/
116:https://www.voyagevirtuel.co.uk/andalousie/pages/calahorra_cordoba_1029.php
117:https://rameezabid.substack.com/p/caliphate-of-the-rightly-guided-caliphs-vs-the-umayyads
118:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18JwZdEcHc/
119:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1aj7kE4WRC/
120:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/14fdAgrTANQ/
121:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1FxKg18bh4/
122:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1NsuQVwZ3d/
123:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1ApK6bk4jb/
124:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1AxTcRsBKz/
125:https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14212/map-of-the-islamic-conquests-in-the-7th-9th-centur/
126:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/17ASbD1cCa/
127:https://strengthofislam.com/islamic-ethics-moral-balance-civilization/
Video Sources: Pexels and Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
128:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_expansionism
131:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/204030907-view-datong-ancient-city-shanxi-province
133:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/5638333-15-turning-globe-compass-and-ancient-map-china
134:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/58367738-map-central-china-ink-animation
135:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/58367790-map-central-china-ink-animation-1
136:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/58367734-southern-chinese-animation
137:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/58366496-across-river-snow
138:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/66745534-three-councillors-state-and-nine-ministers
139:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/252991290-china-ancient-war
141:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/107214076-big-medieval-army-moving-forwards
142:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/321762410-evolution-india-year-1700-bc
145:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/85519402-india-space-earth-globe-view
146:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/88651321-earth-sunrise-over-india
148:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/301543083-roman-trireme-warship-sailing-open-ocean
152:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/202905283-worker-mixing-cement-shovel-container-reenactment
154:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/10743757-battlefield
156:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/11348891-wide-shot-medieval-soldiers-horseback-going-battle
158:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/153472845-saladin-army-and-messengers-camels
159:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/153472841-saladin-army-desert
160:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/153472755-saladin-and-crusaders-battle-hattin
165:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/98950645-hagia-sophia-and-blue-mosque-istanbul-aerial
168:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/308471830-madina-al-masjid-nabawi-satellite-map-animation
169:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/105824787-earth-zoom-al-haram-mosque-mecca-saudi-arabia
Consulted References:
Refer to Part 1: Timeline_the untold_the retold for combined references of all parts.
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