Part 9 The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.

Part 9

Article: Human Discovery My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.

Click on PDF to download from Part 3

Part 9 is the continued introduction to the timelines. We briefly question, observe and review our world before we delve into the timelines.

[www.education.nationalgeographic.org] Source: An equator is an imaginary line around the middle of a planet or other celestial body. It is halfway between the north pole and the south pole, at 0 degrees latitude. An equator divides the planet into a northern hemisphere and a southern hemisphere. The equatorial bulge means that people standing at sea level near the poles are closer to the center of Earth than people standing at sea level near the Equator. From [AI overview]: The center of the Earth is the core, a very dense and hot ball of metal that's made up of a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. Sea level near the Equator is slightly higher than at the poles due to the "equatorial bulge," which is a natural bulge in the Earth's shape caused by its rotation, meaning the ocean surface is also slightly higher in equatorial regions compared to the poles. Earth's diameter at the Equator is about 12,756 kilometers (7,926 miles). At the poles, the diameter is about 12,714 kilometers (7,900 miles). Earth's equatorial bulge is about 43 kilometers (27 miles). In simple words, Earth's equatorial bulge is the oceanic and atmospheric volume that envelopes the solid earth, which is the rise or the bulge of ocean from the solid continent around the equatorial surface. The earth’s rotation, the gravitational force from the moon and the sun creates the effect of Earth's equatorial bulge. The equatorial bulge affects the ocean, too; sea levels are slightly higher in equatorial regions than near the poles. Earth's gravitational pull is slightly weaker at the Equator due to its equatorial bulge. The slightly weaker gravitational pull and momentum of spinning Earth makes equatorial regions ideal places for space launches. It takes an enormous amount of energy to launch a satellite or other spacecraft out of Earth's atmosphere. It takes less energy (rocket fuel) to launch in lower gravity. It also takes less energy to launch when spinning Earth is already giving the satellite a push of 1,670 kilometers per hour (1,038 miles per hour). The United States launches most spacecraft from the Kennedy Space Center in southern Florida, which is almost as close to the Equator as possible in the continental U.S. Other rocket-launching facilities near the Equator include Shaba North, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Gan Island, Maldives. Recently, mobile launch platforms, such as Ocean Odyssey, have successfully launched satellites into orbit from the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Many equatorial cultures recognize two seasons, wet and dry. The wet, or rainy, season often lasts most of the year. The long, warm, rainy season creates tropical rainforests. Some of the most expansive rainforests in the world are in equatorial regions: the Amazon rainforest of South America, the Congo rainforest of Central Africa, and the varied Southeast Asian rainforest stretching from India to Vietnam. Mount Chimborazo, Ecuador, not Mount Everest, is the highest point on Earth. Earth's equatorial bulge pushes Mount Chimborazo, near the Equator in the Ecuadorian Andes, farther from the center of the Earth. However, elevation is measured from sea level, not the center of Earth. Mount Everest is 8,848 meters (29,035 feet) above sea level, while Mount Chimborazo is 6,310 meters (20,702 feet) above sea level. The time it takes for the sun to set and rise at the Equator is the fastest on Earth. The transition from day to night takes only a few minutes.

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Picture sources: Peakpx.com and Pexels, Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:

1:https://scijinks.gov/tides/tides6.png

2:https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesearthagu_earth-16.width-768.jpg

3:https://www.geographyrealm.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/equator-world-map.jpg

4:https://cdn.britannica.com/80/94580-131-EEFB2861/interior-Earth-layers-measurements-crust-mantle-core.jpg

5:https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/ocean-observation/understanding-climate/the-earth/

6:https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/exoplanet-census-identifies-missing-planets-gap/

7:https://news.mit.edu/2023/boom-crackle-pop-earth-crust-sounds-1009

8:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Allen_Jiang7/publication/373049871/figure/fig25/AS:11431281181443311@1692014896152/Diameter-comparisons-of-Earth-Moon-and-Mars-Image-credit-NASA.png