Part 21
Article: Timeline
My Blog Title: The untold the retold
From [https://www.cdc.gov]: Chikungunya virus is spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Outbreaks have occurred in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. There is a risk the virus can spread to unaffected areas by infected travelers. The most common symptoms of chikungunya are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms can include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. [https://my.clevelandclinic.org] Source: Chikungunya is a virus that spreads through mosquito bites. Most people develop symptoms like a fever and joint pain within three to seven days of getting bitten. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Most people feel better within one week.
From [https://my.clevelandclinic.org]: Leishmaniasis is an infection with Leishmania, a group of parasitic protozoa. Leishmania parasites are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. It can cause severe ulcers on your skin (cutaneous leishmaniasis) or infection of your internal organs that can be fatal (visceral leishmaniasis). Anti-parasitic medications treat leishmaniasis. From [https://www.cdc.gov]: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies. A parasite is an organism (a living thing) that lives on or inside another organism. Although different forms of leishmaniasis affect people in different ways, the most common type causes skin sores.
From [https://my.clevelandclinic.org]: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV weakens your immune system by destroying your T-cells until you are unable to fight off even minor illnesses. [https://www.who.int] Source: HIV targets the body’s white blood cells, weakening the immune system. This makes it easier to get sick with diseases like tuberculosis, infections and some cancers. HIV is spread from the body fluids of an infected person, including blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal fluids. It is not spread by kisses, hugs or sharing food. It can also spread from a mother to her baby. HIV can be prevented and treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Untreated HIV can progress to AIDS, often after many years.
From [https://my.clevelandclinic.org]: Trypanosomiasis is a parasitic infection that spreads through the bites of tsetse flies in equatorial Africa. Early symptoms include swollen bumps around the bite, a fever, and muscle and joint pain. Advanced symptoms cause confusion and trouble walking, and make it difficult to stay awake. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Source: African (sleeping sickness) and American (Chagas' disease) trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoa of the family Trypanosomatidae, are diseases that are endemic in parts of Africa and Latin America, respectively. Physicians in developed countries may occasionally see cases because of extensive travel and immigration from endemic countries. [https://www.who.int] Source: Tsetse flies inhabit sub-Saharan Africa and only certain species transmit the disease. Rural populations which depend on agriculture, fishing, animal husbandry or hunting are the most exposed. In many regions where tsetse flies are found, HAT “Human African trypanosomiasis” is not. The disease has a focal distribution ranging from single villages to entire regions, and the incidence can vary from one village to the next. HAT, also known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease. It is caused by protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma, transmitted to humans by bites of tsetse flies (glossina) which have acquired the parasites from infected humans or animals.
From [https://www.cdc.gov]: Mumps is a contagious disease caused by the mumps virus. It spreads through direct contact with saliva or respiratory droplets from the mouth, nose, or throat. You can get mumps and spread the virus by: Coughing, sneezing, or talking. Sharing items that may have saliva on them, such as water bottles or cups. Participating in close-contact activities with others, like playing sports, dancing, or kissing. Mumps is still a common disease in many countries, so it's important to get vaccinated to protect yourself. Most people with mumps recover completely within 2 weeks.
From [https://www.who.int]: Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito from the Aedes genus, mainly Aedes aegypti, in tropical and subtropical regions. Aedes mosquitoes usually bite during the day, peaking during early morning and late afternoon/evening. This is the same mosquito that transmits dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Zika virus is also transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, through sexual contact, transfusion of blood and blood products, and organ transplantation. From [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]: Zika virus is an arbovirus (virus spread by arthropods), that is a member of the flavivirus family, along with other viruses including Yellow Fever, West Nile, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses. First isolated in 1947, Zika virus did not appear in the Americas until early 2014 when it was identified on Easter Island (Chile).
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Picture sources: Peakpx.com and Pexels, Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
3:https://www.facebook.com/share/1DFjtUMCoW/
5:https://news.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/hg_media/iStock.purchase.Leishmaniasis.jpg
8:https://share.google/dQ6YbYx17ucrIDEdv
9:https://cordis.europa.eu/docs/article/images/2024-12/455649.jpg
10:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Parasites.png?resize=1038%2C576&ssl=1
11:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/17aHKuoM4u/
12:https://media.agrilifetoday.tamu.edu/2019/10/TCNPressRelease-copy-1-scaled.jpg
13:https://www.avensonline.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/hiv-blood-cell-illustration.jpg
14:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV#/media/File%3AHIV-budding-Color.jpg
15:https://globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/6ff6094d898a99a756d7d3bf43ab47c4.jpg
16:https://pmgbiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/hivstructurefigure1.jpg
18:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Budding_HIV_virions_%2849435466353%29.jpg
21:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X21003582
22:https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/media/images/cdchivaboutthumbnails202404_1.jpg
23:https://hivinfo.nih.gov/sites/default/files/HIV-Progression-English_P2_OPT.png
24:https://www.bio.davidson.edu/movies/Immunology/Students/spring2006/Ryan/Tsetsedistribution.jpg
25:https://www.facebook.com/share/1DqnoD16AJ/
26:https://guardian.ng/tag/human-african-trypanosomiasis-hat/
27:https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Community-Health/Images/sleep-sick.jpg
28:https://www.who.int/health-topics/human-african-trypanosomiasis
31:https://i.ytimg.com/vi/gGOEoJe4QUk/sddefault.jpg
32:https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/hires/2023/african-trypanosomes-m.jpg
36:https://www.facebook.com/share/1B7ZsSjBhj/
39:https://www.dhyeyaias.com/storage/editor/gQlh9pEBqIHPVncpCItmnWbxIHpZrbGjC00K5vla.jpg
41:https://kdna.net/parasite_course-old/african%20tryps%20new_files/4Tb-1sl.168-03/Slide7.GIF
42:https://i.ytimg.com/vi/88C0NQjGCV8/maxresdefault.jpg
44:https://x.com/HSEImm/status/1144946115235713025/photo/1
45:https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/infographics/mumps-protect-yourself.jpg
48:https://www.facebook.com/share/1BiooPRFSR/
49:https://medicoinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Zika-virus-MedicoInfo.jpg
50:https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0891552012000049-gr1_lrg.jpg
51:https://healthpolicy-watch.news/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-31-46-1024x530.png
53:https://cdn.storymd.com/optimized/LA1JEgTQo5/original.jpg
54:https://www.histopathology-india.net/SLEnceph.png
55:https://www.storybench.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/howspread.jpg
57:https://x.com/mugumya/status/692934712638226435/photo/1
Video Sources: Pexels and Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
59:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/66920162-lab-test-mosquito-larvae-aedes-aegypti-microscope
63:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/125315848-aedes-aegypti-dengue-mosquito-green-leaf
65:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/85485081-chikungunya-virus
66:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/277409273-3d-animation-chikungunya-virus-or-chikv
68:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/64364095-leishmaniasis-disease-animation
69:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/64910277-parasite-trypanosomiasis-disease
75:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/140483264-tiny-fish-huge-isopod-parasite-middle-head
76:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/301445209-head-lice-life-cycle-3d
77:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/232687690-head-louse-human-head-3d-render
79:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/93245072-spiral-curved-bacterium-parasite-under-microscope
80:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/61749747-hiv-virus
81:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/61535824-hiv-virus
82:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/38942799-aids
83:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/61793636-white-blood-cells
86:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/103654239-tsetse-fly-wordcloud-animated-isolated
87:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/284047389-trypanosoma-brucei-parasite
88:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/167676498-earth-zoom-africa-satellite-view-3d-animation
90:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/110728221-trypanosoma-cruzi-microscope-view-human-diseases
91:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/110728187-trypanosoma-cruzi-microscope-view-human-diseases
92:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/75048180-trypanosoma-cruzi-insect-feces-microscopic-view
93:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/97591626-breeding-areas-tsetse-fly-1957
94:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/155172345-tsetse-fly
95:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/74935012-map-shows-spread-trypanosomiasis-1957
96:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/256133789-measles-mumps-rubella-vaccine-vial
103:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/246005323-zika-virus-biological-assembly
104:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/64826147-zika-virus-flavivirus-animation
105:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/68814006-zika-virus-blood-red-blood-cells
106:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/75604152-zika-virus-bloodstream-animation
108:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/63857611-blood-cells-circulating-blood
109:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/63863784-human-body-cells
110:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/107810323-formation-blood-clot
111:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/80871318-white-blood-cells-and-blood-veins
Consulted References:
Refer to Part 1: Timeline_the untold_the retold for combined references of all parts.


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