Part 62 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click On This Link 🔗 To Download Full Quality Size Of This Photo Size 4096 × 4096 8.71 MB Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN R 1279–1368 AD Yuan Dynasty & Mongol 元朝 16 Emperors Duration: 89 Years • Hongdong earthquake Mongol Empire: Location Zhaocheng counties, Shanxi Province Northern China [death toll 200,000 ] 17 September 1303 • Great European Famine Europe (all) [death toll 7,500,000 ] 1315–1317 AD From [AI overview]: The Great European Famine of 1315–1317 AD was primarily caused by the onset of the Little Ice Age , which brought relentless torrential rains and freezing temperatures that devastated crops. These compounding environmental and societal factors triggered the catastrophe. The cold and excessively wet conditions weakened farm animals, making them highly susceptible to viral outbreaks like murrain or livestock plague and foot-and-mouth disease. This drastically reduced the number of...
Part 62
Article: Timeline
My Blog Title: The untold the retold
Click On This Link 🔗 To Download Full Quality Size Of This Photo
Click on PDF to download from Part 1
COLUMN R
1279–1368 AD
Yuan Dynasty & Mongol
元朝 16 Emperors
Duration: 89 Years
•Hongdong earthquake Mongol Empire: Location Zhaocheng counties, Shanxi Province Northern China [death toll 200,000] 17 September 1303
•Great European Famine Europe (all) [death toll 7,500,000] 1315–1317 AD
From [AI overview]: The Great European Famine of 1315–1317 AD was primarily caused by the onset of the Little Ice Age, which brought relentless torrential rains and freezing temperatures that devastated crops. These compounding environmental and societal factors triggered the catastrophe. The cold and excessively wet conditions weakened farm animals, making them highly susceptible to viral outbreaks like murrain or livestock plague and foot-and-mouth disease. This drastically reduced the number of cattle, sheep, and horses, leading to a shortage of both meat and the draft animals required to plow fields. Market Failures and War: The crisis was compounded by man-made factors. Ongoing military conflicts (such as the Scottish Wars of Independence) and unequal property systems in areas like Flanders disrupted farming and prevented the fair distribution of remaining food. From [Wikipedia]: In the spring of 1315, unusually heavy rain began in much of Europe. Throughout the spring and the summer, it continued to rain, and the temperature remained cool. Under such conditions, grain could not ripen, leading to widespread crop failures. Grains were brought indoors in urns and pots to keep dry. The straw and hay for the animals could not be cured, so there was no fodder for the livestock. The soil became extremely moist from the heavy rain, making it impossible to plow the fields ready for planting. In England, lowlands in Yorkshire and Nottingham were flooded, while stew ponds on the River Foss in Yorkshire were washed away. The price of food began to rise. Prices in England doubled between spring and midsummer. Salt, the only way to cure and preserve meat, was difficult to obtain because brine could not be effectively evaporated in wet weather. As a result, its price increased from 30 to 40 shillings. In Lorraine, wheat prices rose by 320%, making bread unaffordable to peasants. Stores of grain for long-term emergencies were limited to royalty, lords, nobles, wealthy merchants and the Church. Because of the general increased population pressures, even lower-than-average harvests meant some people would go hungry. People began to harvest wild edible roots, grasses, nuts and bark in the forests. Nearly all European societies at that time attributed natural disasters as divine retribution or divine punishment for their apparent misdeeds, and religion was regarded as the final recourse for nearly all problems. However, no amount of prayer seemed effective against the root causes of the famine. This undermined the institutional authority of the Catholic Church, which established the limits of accepted faith. This weakening of the Church's authority subsequently contributed to the emergence and spreading of movements that were deemed heretical by the Church, as they opposed the papacy or office of pope and blamed the perceived failure of prayer upon corruption and doctrinal errors within the Church itself; heretic is a proponent of heresy.
•Vijayanagara Empire South India
1336–1646 AD
From [AI overview]: International Reach: The empire maintained over 300 seaports along its extensive coastline, driving robust trade with Persia, Arabia, China, Southeast Asia, and the Malay Archipelago. Vijayanagara exported valuable spices, rice, textiles, sandalwood, sugar, and iron. In return, it imported raw materials, ivory, and—most crucially—Arabian horses to supply its formidable cavalry. The empire developed a highly lucrative trade relationship with the Portuguese. In exchange for spices and precious stones, the Portuguese supplied Vijayanagara with muskets, gunpowder, and horses, greatly enhancing the empire's military capabilities.
•Hundred Years' War Western Europe [death toll 2,794,995÷2] 1337–1453 AD
From [https://www.history.com]: Causes of the Hundred Years' War: In the early 1200s, France regained most of its land from England, but the 1259 Treaty of Paris kept the Duchy of Guyenne (also known as Aquitaine) in southwestern France under English control. The Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a complicated ongoing conflict between the kingdoms of England and France, rooted in territorial disputes and control of the French crown. Spanning about 116 years during the 14th and 15th centuries, it started when English King Edward III, grandson of Philip IV of France, was denied his claim to the French throne and launched a retaliatory attack. From [AI overview]: A medieval retaliatory attack was a military or economic counter-strike intended to punish an enemy for a previous wrong, such as an unsanctioned border raid, unpaid debts, or a broken treaty. From [Wikipedia]: The Hundred Years' War was a significant conflict in the Middle Ages. During the war, five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of France, then the wealthiest and most populous kingdom in Western Europe. The war had a lasting effect on European history: both sides produced innovations in military technology and tactics, including professional standing armies and artillery, that permanently changed European warfare. Chivalry reached its height during the conflict and subsequently declined. Stronger national identities took root in both kingdoms, which became more centralized and gradually emerged as global powers. The periodisation of the war typically charts it as taking place over 116 years. However, it was an intermittent conflict which was frequently interrupted by external factors, such as the Black Death, and several years of truces. From [AI overview]: In the Middle Ages, truces were temporary suspensions of warfare, negotiated either between opposing commanders to halt fighting—such as the Truce of Calais during the Hundred Years' War—or mandated broadly by the Catholic Church to limit the violent habits of the feudal nobility. While it does not officially end a conflict, it provides a crucial pause so sides can remove the wounded, exchange prisoners, negotiate, or simply take a breather.
The last 3 items of “COLUMN R” 1279 to 1368 AD continued on Part 63
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[british-historical-drama-133093]
[grand_project-epic-emotional_59sec-197083]
FILE DOWNLOADER INSTAGRAM
1:https://toolzu.com/downloader/instagram/photo/
FACEBOOK VIDEO DOWNLOADER
Picture sources if any: Peakpx.com and Pexels, Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
4:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdTt-4MjGVz/?img_index=17
5:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdTt-4MjGVz/?img_index=14
6:https://historydraft.com/story/disasters-with-highest-death-tolls/1303-hongdong-earthquake/481/7496
7:https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00016-3
8:https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/09/22/great-famine-soggiest-years-centuries/
9:https://hiddenfrontiers.com/medieval-europe-society-politics-culture/?amp=1
10:https://share.google/ki7JVcyPjLP1g10KV
11:https://share.google/rp6mgYcILAvnMRIc7
12:https://share.google/cUUyBcOlTxkKkzR5Q
14:https://share.google/a2yTpfdCQnJRnCVIe
15:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Di4N6RzC5/
16:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19uWZnHxJS/
17:https://share.google/a1ASOCM9WEV1aWKD2
18:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1CpS72WK5Z/
19:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19w4aYDxSb/
20:https://share.google/8ymQyX7x5lg0bKCyt
21:https://share.google/rC36ZJ85cp5TRZsV8
22:https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/food/salt
23:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1HLQwwdhZG/
24:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Empire_of_Vijaynagar_map.svg
25:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdV9FRxAdWF/?img_index=1
26:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdV9FRxAdWF/?img_index=3
27:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdV9FRxAdWF/?img_index=4
28:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdV9FRxAdWF/?img_index=2
29:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19qQXUaYFr/
31:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19piG3o7pE/
32:https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14739/map-of-jeanne-darcs-campaigns-and-the-hundred-year/
33:https://share.google/FJwI6g2CrAPTXp0Sg
34:https://www.instagram.com/p/DZE2K6qjhlb/?img_index=2
35:https://www.instagram.com/p/DZE2K6qjhlb/?img_index=3
36:https://www.instagram.com/p/DZE2K6qjhlb/?img_index=4
37:https://www.instagram.com/p/DZE2K6qjhlb/?img_index=5
38:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1DxrJGBrbs/
39:https://schoolhistory.co.uk/medieval/hundred-years-war-worksheets/
40:https://momo100yrswar.weebly.com/timeline-of-the-100-years-war.html
41:https://www.instagram.com/p/DesrnehOa4M/
42:https://www.instagram.com/p/DeaT6sEOuUz/
43:https://www.instagram.com/p/DWtc9o2kVKH/?img_index=3
44:https://www.instagram.com/p/DWtc9o2kVKH/?img_index=5
45:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18gX7xnaV5/
46:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdjpkadDcPA/?img_index=1
47:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdjpkadDcPA/?img_index=2
48:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdjpkadDcPA/?img_index=5
49:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdjpkadDcPA/?img_index=6
50:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdjHpv-jDgB/?img_index=6
51:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdjpkadDcPA/?img_index=7
52:https://www.instagram.com/p/DdjpkadDcPA/?img_index=8
53:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1922h82eKE/
54:https://share.google/IgoMEdG4Cz9VgPcfL
55:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Daq1XpCHJ/
Partial Screen Recorded Video From:
56:https://youtu.be/TIj5UMKyXQM?si=RerWAXYuNmp9zlxG
57:https://youtu.be/Gzhnd-7N7iI?si=nWEn4pAR55mT4kGB
58:https://youtu.be/svVykTznk9Q?si=cgRtqPqDpxDe63j3
59:https://youtu.be/hJr7wbeE0Fw?si=yjiLtXdgl_gQpONm
60:https://youtu.be/J7QvHPyAQJU?si=hh_qxB2Lk9QeyoxZ
61:https://youtu.be/yyqFuVllfWA?si=ZC5e4EENWP8uHaNV
62:https://youtu.be/lELo8kqbrP0?si=vYvphMa621icy1kP
Screen Recorded Map Viewer From
63:https://historydraft.com/story/disasters-with-highest-death-tolls/1303-hongdong-earthquake/481/7496
Video Sources if any: Pexels and Pixabay in PowerDirector and
other websites:
NONE IN THIS CONTENT
Consulted References:
Refer to Part 1: Timeline_the untold_the retold for combined references of all parts.
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