Part 25 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: [10.23] The first successful transplant of a functional cryopreserved mammalian kidney was reported. The study demonstrated a "nano-warming" technique for vitrification for up-to-100 days preservation of transplant organs. Sourced from [frontiersin.org] titled: “Supercooling: a promising technique for prolonged preservation in solid organ transplantation, and early perspectives in vascularized composite allografts.” From the perspective of temperature, machine perfusion can be classified into four categories: HMP “hypothermic machine perfusion” (0°C to 12°C), MMP “mid-thermic machine perfusion” (13°C to 24°C), SNMP “subnormothermic machine perfusion” (25°C to 34°C), and NMP “normothermic machine perfusion” (35°C to 38°C). As metabolic activity increases exponentially with increasing temperature, the required amount of oxy...
Part 1 of 2 Gravity; Earth layers; Ringwoodites; Water beneath ocean; Continental rift valley; Heatwave and algae; Bioluminescent and Meteor Shower
Part 1 of
Article: Planet Earth Article: Worldly Phenomenon
My Blog Title: Gravity; Earth layers; Ringwoodites; Water beneath ocean; Continental rift valley; Heatwave and algae; Bioluminescent and Meteor Shower
How do we know the structural mechanical composition of the Earth's interior? Seismic waves technology enables scientists to map the layers of the Earth. In simple terms, the technique is like a body scan, which tells information of liquid and solid properties beneath the ground. Earth's layers are made of inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. Layer means thickness.
The inner core is the center in solid iron and some nickel with a temperature of about 5,200 °C and has a radius of about 1,221 km. Inner core is surrounded by outer core, which is approximately 2,200 km thick in radius. Temperature is between 4,500 °C and 5,500 °C. Liquid iron and nickel are the core's chemicals.
Inner core and outer core have independent rotation. Convection of 8,000 tons of molten iron fluid from outer core becomes the solid inner core every second, which is the solidification of magnetic field of the Earth geodynamo process.
Boundary coverage on outer core is Mantle composed of Magnesium, silicon and oxygen. Radius is about 2,900 km. Temperature is from 1,000 °C to 3,700 °C. In spherical mass, Mantle accounted for 84%, is the heaviest of total planet mass.
Between the lower mantle and outermost layer of the earth is the asthenosphere. Thickness is roughly 180 km radius at temperature around 1,500 °C. In asthenosphere layer, rocks are melted in partly sticky solid and fluid, like a ductile, and fudge chocolate flowing compound. Magma churns up diamond formation from mantle to the surface in tectonic plates drifting process.
Situated on top of upper mantle is the Lithosphere, consisting of the oceanic crust and continental crust. Nearly 8 km below oceanic crust and almost 32 km below continental crust is called Moho depth. Temperature ranges from 0 °C to 500 °C. Lithosphere lays the foundation of mountain formation, volcanic eruption, and earthquake during process of tectonic plates subduction and collision. Floating movement of Lithosphere on the asthenosphere, and oceanic plates subducted beneath the buoyant continental plate is the spot that natural products are formed, like basalt rocks in elements of silicon, magnesium from oceanic volcanic lava, and light-colored granite rocks containing oxygen and silicon from continental volcanic lava.
The inner core is the center in solid iron and some nickel with a temperature of about 5,200 °C and has a radius of about 1,221 km. Inner core is surrounded by outer core, which is approximately 2,200 km thick in radius. Temperature is between 4,500 °C and 5,500 °C. Liquid iron and nickel are the core's chemicals.
Inner core and outer core have independent rotation. Convection of 8,000 tons of molten iron fluid from outer core becomes the solid inner core every second, which is the solidification of magnetic field of the Earth geodynamo process.
Boundary coverage on outer core is Mantle composed of Magnesium, silicon and oxygen. Radius is about 2,900 km. Temperature is from 1,000 °C to 3,700 °C. In spherical mass, Mantle accounted for 84%, is the heaviest of total planet mass.
Between the lower mantle and outermost layer of the earth is the asthenosphere. Thickness is roughly 180 km radius at temperature around 1,500 °C. In asthenosphere layer, rocks are melted in partly sticky solid and fluid, like a ductile, and fudge chocolate flowing compound. Magma churns up diamond formation from mantle to the surface in tectonic plates drifting process.
Situated on top of upper mantle is the Lithosphere, consisting of the oceanic crust and continental crust. Nearly 8 km below oceanic crust and almost 32 km below continental crust is called Moho depth. Temperature ranges from 0 °C to 500 °C. Lithosphere lays the foundation of mountain formation, volcanic eruption, and earthquake during process of tectonic plates subduction and collision. Floating movement of Lithosphere on the asthenosphere, and oceanic plates subducted beneath the buoyant continental plate is the spot that natural products are formed, like basalt rocks in elements of silicon, magnesium from oceanic volcanic lava, and light-colored granite rocks containing oxygen and silicon from continental volcanic lava.
Sounds: Pixabay
Photo Sources
Pixabay, Pexels and pictures related in consulted references
#1:https://www.takemefishing.org/blog/february-2017/check-out-local-fishing-tournaments/
#3:https://www.sciencesource.com/1093870-freshwater-mussels.html
#4:https://www.foodandwine.com/news/dungeness-crab-shells-pacific-ocean-acidity
#6:https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10882
#7:https://www.nwcouncil.org/sites/default/files/columbiariver.jpg
#8:https://graemeleerowlands.com/the-place
#9:https://www.ecohubmap.com/hot-spot/pollution-in-the-great-lakes/28ml6z9wjqj
#11:https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/63/phytoplankton-bloom/
#13:https://www.wilderness.org.au/news-events/phytoplankton-an-omen-of-climate-change
#14:https://geology.com/satellite/phytoplankton-blooms-from-space/
#16:https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/09/North_Sea_bloom
#18:https://www.mindat.org/min-3421.html
#20:https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/04/modern-like-tectonic-plate-motion-on-the-early-earth/
#22:https://i0.wp.com/tseday.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/rift_valley.jpg
#23:https://domadia.net/magnesium/
#24:https://www.iowafamilychiropractic.com/2017/09/01/magnesium-deficiency-what-is-the-big-deal/
#25:https://www.google.com/amp/s/mobygeek.com/features/diamonds-volcano-russia-erupt-13546/amp
#26:https://grainofsound.org/pt/diamond/
#27:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/563301865882133010/
#28:https://wallpapic.com/coyote-buttes-utah-usa-united-states-of-america/0nrdrb
#31:https://newwestmetals.com/products/nickel-alloys/
#32:https://www.wired.co.uk/article/core-blimey
#35:https://en.neurochispas.com/geometry/radius-of-a-circle-formulas-and-examples/
#37:https://eos.org/research-spotlights/magma-pockets-lie-stacked-beneath-juan-de-fuca-ridge
Video Sources
Pixabay, Pexels
#39:https://www.google.com/amp/s/phys.org/news/2013-08-africa-ups-downs.amp
#40:https://oceantoday.noaa.gov/fullmoon-deepestvolcano/welcome.html
#41:https://www.google.com/amp/s/makeagif.com/amp/AXuQBJ
#42:https://www.ipgp.fr/~aubert/the-geodynamo.html
#43:https://giphy.com/gifs/EarthScope-sci-earthquake-p-waves-shadow-zones-uh83ZDjeoz6KNmlXo3
Consulted References
#44:https://www.britannica.com/place/East-African-Rift-System
#45:https://www.space.com/17777-what-is-earth-made-of.html
#47:https://www.indy100.com/science-tech/ocean-beneath-earth-crust-ringwoodite-2665277344
#50:https://patch.com/illinois/algonquin/possible-blue-green-algae-lake-hills-beaches-closed
#51https://www.beachconnection.net/news/sparks_above_below_glow081723.php
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