Part 32 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: [9.16] Notable innovations: a genetically engineered marine microorganism for breaking down PET in salt water. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was a type of plastic used to make bottles, food packaging and clothes. Much PET plastic waste did not get recycled, and ended up in landfills and aquatic environments. It was eventually broken down into microplastics particles with a size of less than 5 mm, which were challenging to collect and had been shown to move quickly between aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments, the researchers pointed out in the paper. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was a highly recyclable plastic that had been extensively used and manufactured. Like other plastics, PET resisted natural degradation, thus accumulating in the environment. Several recycling strategies had been applied to PET, but th...
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Part 1 of 3 Article: Quantum Computing
My Blog Title: Supercomputer (AI) and Real World Examples
Quantum Computing is the miniaturization of quantum materials to process complex data information and data storage in Supercomputer model. Crucial quantum materials of physic periodic table elements like silicon (Si 14), germanium (Ge 32), and molybdenum (Mo 42) are critical elements in Supercomputer production. Modern lithography machine, which costs from 150 million dollars to 400 million dollars each, is constructed to produce supercomputer important part components, for instance its chip consisting of computer core or brain operated function, transistors and circuitry.
In one supercomputer, there are millions of core brain components, and billions of transistors and circuitry. Lithography machine fuses laser light at about 1000°C to slice silicon, or germanium, or molybdenum material to its flattest mirror wafer at 1 nanometer per slice; 1 nanometer is one billionth of a meter, or one billion times thinner. Transistor part that resembles a desert mesa is produced at the microscopic scale in micrometer, or micron, one millionth of a meter.
Lithography machine stacks up all these million and billion components into one chipmaking. The particular characteristic of silicon, germanium and molybdenum property is that they are semiconductor materials unlike metal elements which fully conduct electricity.
That is why we name supercomputer; meaning quintillions of data information are processed, or calculated per second. Supercomputer is a quintillion times upgrade to the classical or conventional computer during the current digitized world. Supercomputer can calculate data information at least 1 exaflop per second.
Supercomputer's performance capacity processes data information in quintillion per second, or 1 exaflop per second. Quintillion is one billion of one billion numbers. If there is one calculation in one second, and if there are quintillion calculations in one second, that makes up the distinction between conventional computer and Supercomputer.
Information and data carriers are in the form of photonic quantum bit, or qubit, and the speed of a qubit is one nanosecond; one billionth of a second. When clock moves one second, one qubit speed is one billion times faster than one second.
Accordingly, due to qubit super fast speed, supercomputer is operated at a very cooling temperature, when beaming the qubit data information from satellite to network processor and from between fiber optic.
Data information of qubit form is the internet contents of video, picture, texts, voice, sound, mobile app, computer software, online gaming, online commerce and so on. We can now watch video for instance in HD quality with 5G WiFi network, or Ethernet router connection.
Internet WiFi 7 towers network will have been set up in various continents to process these internet things. Additionally in quantum processor technology, Helium can be added to chipmaking to increase scalability of data storage right from the start. Supercomputer is not just about internet and data storage.
Sounds: Pixabay
Photo Sources:
Pixabay, Pexels and relevant photos in the consulted references
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2:https://he24me.com/author/helium/
3:https://www.peakscientific.com/discover/news/helium-chips-act/
4:https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Ethernet-MORELECS-Internet-Outdoor-Security/dp/B07SNBDQ7N
6:https://webznam.ru/publ/google/kak_smotret_filmy_hd_uhd/10-1-0-914
7:https://unctad.org/news/how-covid-19-triggered-digital-and-e-commerce-turning-point
8:https://nationaleconomicseditorial.com/2017/11/27/americans-fiber-optic-internet/
9:https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/quantum-computing-for-the-qubit-curious/
12:https://byjus.com/maths/quintillion/
13:https://in.pinterest.com/pin/196751077463919835/
14:https://pixabay.com/images/search/semiconductor/
15:https://wan-yo.com/silicon-wafer-avoid-damaging/
16:https://www.waferworld.com/post/everything-need-know-germanium-wafers
17:https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/navigating-quantum-computing-nisq-era/33689/
19:https://depositphotos.com/photo/transistors-on-white-2387400.html
20:https://www.okmetic.com/about-okmetic/tale-of-a-silicon-wafer/
21:https://www.piezosystem.com/applications/lithography/
22:https://www.wired.com/story/fit-billions-transistors-chip-let-ai-do/
23:https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=21433
24:https://inf.news/en/digital/7185034bce803e1c329dbc361b769475.html
26:https://www.meer.com/en/64568-how-we-manufacture-silicon
27:https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Silicon-Rough-Stones-99-99-Minerals/dp/B07WW1SP8G
28:https://www.amazon.in/Germanium-Metal-Grams-99-999-Unique/dp/B07P614JB7
29:https://umzu.com/blogs/health/the-benefits-of-molybdenum
30:https://special-metals.co.uk/what-is-molybdenum-used-for/
31:https://rostec.ru/en/news/rostec-to-create-russia-s-first-production-of-high-purity-germanium/
32:https://sciencestruck.com/silicon-element
33:https://thenewstack.io/need-for-speed-cloud-power-moves-expand-ai-supercomputing/
Video Sources:
Pixabay, Pexels
35:https://inf.news/en/news/318fa5c248d4d9a5a633776764a95d4c.html
Consulted References
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38:https://www.google.com/amp/s/spectrum.ieee.org/amp/photonic-quantum-computing-2657438393
40:https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2022/07/26/what-is-an-exaflop/
43:https://thehackernews.com/2023/07/sophisticated-bundlebot-malware.html
46:https://cointelegraph.com/news/zk-proofs-help-internet-privacy-aleo-executive
47:https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/21/astranis-alaska-internet-satellite-malfunctions-backup-planned.html
49:https://www.wtaj.com/news/local-news/high-speed-internet-cell-service-expanding-in-bedford-county/
51:https://www.globalvillagespace.com/GVS-Health/47m-thais-addicted-to-internet-google-study-reveals/
54:https://www.energyportal.eu/news/powering-the-internet-the-potential-of-offshore-wind-energy/65149/
55:https://www.jpost.com/science/article-748108
56:https://www.sciencenews.org/article/quantum-computers-break-internet-save
57:https://www.thecable.ng/ngo-meta-seek-ways-to-prevent-internet-based-sexual-abuse
59:https://www.mirror.co.uk/tech/broadband-expert-reveals-trick-faster-30515267
61:https://www.infoworld.com/article/3703208/megatrend-alert-the-rise-of-ubiquitous-computing.html
63:https://www.theregister.com/2023/07/20/russias_tiny_quantum_computer_is/
64:https://cointelegraph.com/news/cerebras-systems-secures-100m-ai-supercomputer-deal-with-uae-s-g42
65:https://semiengineering.com/week-in-review-auto-security-pervasive-computing-174/
69:https://phys.org/news/2023-07-power-quantum-drug.html
70:https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-66178247
72:https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/us-quantum-information-science-research-initiatives/164134/
73:https://blockworks.co/news/google-cloud-web3-dive
74:https://www.rtinsights.com/why-automakers-need-intelligent-manufacturing-operations/
75:https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Nanophotonic_Simulator_Enables_Computations_at/a69183
76:https://investorplace.com/2023/07/3-quantum-computing-stocks-that-will-skyrocket-before-2024/
77:https://www.mizzima.com/article/chip-giant-amd-says-ai-be-mega-trend-computing-world
78:https://today.duke.edu/2023/07/three-things-know-about-federal-investment-quantum-computing
79:https://hbr.org/2023/07/what-is-responsible-computing
81:https://www.techrepublic.com/article/ieee-quantum-computing-interview/
82:https://physicsworld.com/a/moores-law-in-peril-and-the-future-of-computing/
85:https://www.information-age.com/how-solidsoft-reply-helps-healthcare-pharma-companies-123505787/
87:https://news.mit.edu/2023/cecile-sadler-equity-computing-education-0629
88:https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/06/23/1074321/chip-patterning-machines-shape-future/
91:https://www.deepmind.com/blog/using-ai-to-fight-climate-change
92:https://thehill.com/business/4111168-nyc-using-ai-to-combat-subway-fare-evasion/
93:https://phys.org/news/2023-07-lego-robot-gradient-mixer-purify.html
94:https://www.space.com/esa-satellite-aeolus-reentry-first-of-its-kind
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