Part 28 The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.

Part 28

Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.

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2023: [10.23] The first successful transplant of a functional cryopreserved mammalian kidney was reported. The study demonstrated a "nano-warming" technique for vitrification for up-to-100 days preservation of transplant organs. Sourced from [frontiersin.org] titled: “Supercooling: a promising technique for prolonged preservation in solid organ transplantation, and early perspectives in vascularized composite allografts.” Nature-inspired molecules like Trehalose, a complex sugar used by plants to avoid freezing, had also been experimented with. Different protocols were tested for various organs, involving diverse processes. A sugar called trehalose, which occurs in organisms capable of surviving extreme dehydration, is used for freeze-drying methods of cryopreservation. Trehalose stabilizes cell membranes, and it is particularly useful for the preservation of sperm, stem cells, and blood cells. Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that accumulates in bacteria, algae, fungi, yeast, invertebrates, and some resurrection plants in response to drought, salinity, temperature variations, and heavy metal stresses. Resurrection plants protect themselves from the damage caused by the loss of too much water and come back to life when water is available again. Resurrection plants are a unique group of species that can survive dehydration to an air-dried state for months or years, losing most of their cellular water, and quickly resume normal physiological activities after rehydration. The term resurrection plant denotes a diverse range of about one-hundred-and-thirty plant species normally endemic to or peculiar to arid areas of the world that appear to return to life after drying out, withering, and turning brown as an adaptive response to drought. Resurrection plants tolerate dehydration. They do not try to avoid or resist it. In the dry season, they lose water fast and put life on hold until the rainy season starts again. This means that they stay alive even while dry. Resurrection plants are remarkable in that they can tolerate almost complete water loss in their vegetative tissues. The desiccated plant can remain alive in the dried state for several years. However, upon watering the resurrection plants rehydrate and are fully functional within 48 hours. Common names for this plant include flower of stone, false rose of Jericho, rose of Jericho, resurrection plant, resurrection moss, dinosaur plant. The Dinosaur Plant came to be just before the dinosaurs began to emerge and still lives on today! This one-of-a-kind marvel has lived on the Earth for over 90 million years and has the ability to "come back to life" over and over again for hundreds of years! The Dino Plant or Dinosaur Plant, also known as the Selaginella lepidophylla. Trehalose is a natural CPA, present in plant and yeast cells, and the only disaccharide that has two water molecules in its crystal. Trehalose is a natural sugar composed of 2 glucose molecules (disaccharides). Trehalose is a stable disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules that can be synthesized by various organisms, including fungi and insects. CONCLUSION: Subzero nonfreezing techniques had shown the potential to expand preservation time in organ transplantation. “Human Leukocyte Antigen” HLA matching is done before a donor stem cell or organ transplant to find out if tissues match between the donor and the person receiving the transplant. Also called human leukocyte antigen matching. This literature review of the current evidence suggested that this promising technique might allow for preservation durations long enough to facilitate tolerance induction, successful HLA matching, improved organ availability and supply, and customization to the recipient's needs. Few teams were actively trying to apply supercooling to VCA “Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation”, which storage durations shall aim for at least 48 hours as this was the current minimal time needed for immune tolerance protocols. This target would also be sufficient to address logistical challenges. Future studies should focus on human organs, and VCA research should include long-term outcomes of nerve function following extended storage durations to allow relevant translation to the clinic.

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Picture sources: Peakpx.com and Pexels, Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:

1:https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/91VH99BEy9L._SL1500_.jpg

2:https://labrujaapothecary.com/cdn/shop/products/il_fullxfull.3120527902_ugur_720x.jpg?v=1623302275

3:https://www.sagegoddess.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Rose_of_Jericho_4of4_1_28.jpg.webp

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6:https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/123059416/original.jpeg