Part 45 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: [8.29] Notable innovations: CRISPR-freebase editing system without guide RNA that enabled also editing chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes with precision (CyDENT). Sourced from [twinkl.com] titled “What is a Chloroplast?” Chloroplasts are mostly oval-shaped blobs, but they can come in shapes like stars and ribbons too. A chloroplast is protected by a smooth outer membrane which holds all of its material. They contain chlorophyll, which is the pigment that gives plants their green colour. Chloroplasts are important to the growth of the plant because they turn sunlight into energy for the plant to use. This is a process called photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are multi-talented. They also store energy for the plant cell and fight off diseases. They are an important part of the cell’s immune system which helps it to stay healthy. Just l...
Part 44
Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.
Click on PDF to download from Part 3
2023: AI in drug development successes: The world's first COVID-19 drug designed by generative AI was approved for human use, with clinical trials expected to begin in China. The new drug, ISM3312, was developed by Insilico Medicine. If your molecule was very tolerable, and if you made very little of it available in the body and it still worked, it’s perfect, right? Zhavoronkov said, ISM3312 worked by inhibiting a protein called 3CL protease, a critical factor in viral replication and a popular target for anti-COVID drugs. Unlike similar therapeutics, however, Zhavoronkov said his drug worked on a very broad spectrum, showing efficacy not only against all current COVID variants, but also coronaviruses other than SARS-CoV-2. As such, it may possess the ability to resist future mutations, providing a solution to drug-resistant strains, he continued. You could also use it potentially for prevention, Zhavoronkov said, because the 3CL protease target is only present in viruses, it shall be safe to take when otherwise healthy. The company started work on the drug in early 2020, back near the start of the pandemic. They began by slotting the 3D structure of 3CL protease into one of their in-house AI programs; within a matter of days, the model was able to generate about 20 different potential drug candidates from scratch. In contrast, traditional drug discovery pipelines can take years or even decades to find one suitable therapeutic. By February of 2020, Insilico had published their first set of drug candidates online; by April, they’d filed a related patent application. But it wouldn’t be until recently that they’d receive approval to start clinical trials. Unfortunately, at that time, you probably remembered everybody was running around with their heads on fire, right? Zhavoronkov said. Insilico, still a relatively small company at the time, had difficulty finding a partner interested in their product. Some big pharmas thought that COVID was going to go away very quickly, some big pharmas thought vaccines would solve the problem and some big pharmas didn’t even believe there was a pandemic for a while, he continued. And at that time we were not exactly very well funded. The project was further stalled in 2021 due to the limited availability of COVID-19 viruses for use in testing, with governments and big pharmaceutical companies given priority. Insilico used the delay to refine and improve on their drug candidates, eventually narrowing the list down to just one: ISM3312. While frustrating, Zhavoronkov admitted the delay inadvertently led to the discovery of his “perfect” drug and its subsequent approval for human use by the China National Medical Products Administration. That said, had all the resources been available at the start, Zhavoronkov said “I could probably did it all again in under a year.” The company hadn’t given a start date or timeline for the clinical trials, though it promised to start “soon.” There remained an urgent need for conducting well-designed clinical trials for scientific evaluation of potential COVID-19 therapies such as ISM3312, said Dr. Sujata Rao, Insilico’s senior vice-president and head of clinical development, in a release. We were committed to exploring ongoing unmet medical needs to include subgroups under-represented in COVID-19 trials as well as in patients who may have variants that are more resistant to antiviral drugs. Insilico wasn’t the only company utilizing AI to treat COVID-19, but they may be the furthest along. For example, company Exscientia AI limited was currently in the discovery phase of a new COVID drug using a different AI system, in a project wholly backed by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Given the promise of their new drug, Zhavoronkov said it may be a “very long time,” if ever, before Insilico looks at making another COVID-19 therapeutic. “It might make sense developing maybe one more drug for COVID, also AI generated. But that would come much later, it will take a while for resistance to develop against mine.”
SOURCE COMPOSITION
PC Software
APP: AppStore PlayStore
In-text voice
[Text Reader - Text to Speech
Transkriptor]
[Odify - PDF Speaker and Reader
Tool Apps Hub]
[Read Aloud AI - Text to Speech
Mapache Dev]
[aiReader: AI Text to Speech
King Clover Studio]
[TTS Reader - Text To Speech withtheflow01]
MP4 to MP3
[Unlimited MP3 Audio Merger
Ambition Technologies]
MP3 tag and album art maker
[MusicBrainz Picard]
[MP3TAG The universal tag editor.]
MP3 volume-increase conversion
[MP3 Audio Gain and Equalizer]
[Super Sound Editor: Music Audio Editor, MP3 Cutter]
Photo maker for album art cover
[InCollage - Collage Maker Pic Collage,Photo Editor,
Grid SHANTANU PTE. LTD.]
[Social Media Post Maker stylish app world Art & Design]
[Compress Image Size in KB&MB Zilory app]
Music Sources and Titles: Pixabay
[Content composition of “In-Brief Archives Facebook Page” and of my blogger page “www.ilovemytimeoranothertimeofyours.blogspot.com” in sound and music does not represent the pictures, videos and text contents.] [Music volume is increased if deviated from the actual files.]
[inspiring-cinematic-piano-116957]
Picture sources: Peakpx.com and Pexels, Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
1:https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/insilico-medicine-launches-ai-powered-robotics-lab-new-colangelo
2:https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2023/02/Virus.jpg
6:https://www.scielo.br/j/mioc/a/FT4WXwhbCPCkm7W6XdX4GHm/?lang=en
7:https://pubs.acs.org/cms/10.1021/acschembio.4c00024/asset/images/medium/cb4c00024_0005.gif
8:https://www.genengnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ThoughtLeader_Insilico_DSC4974_Hero.jpg
9:https://insilico.com/covid_pcc
10:https://www.fmai-hub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Picture4-768x565.png
12:https://optim.tildacdn.net/tild3564-3262-4839-b961-633534313963/-/format/webp/noroot.png.webp
14:https://www.aescap.com/artificial-intelligence-in-biotech/
16:https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1029306
17:https://s28.q4cdn.com/460399462/files/doc_financials/q4/EXAI_YE21-final-1-pager.png
18:https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2162253124001823-fx1_lrg.jpg
Video Sources: Pexels and Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
28:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/178551289-coronaviruses-erupting-infected-cell
31:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/126807517-coronavirus-cells-animation
35:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/123684514-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov
38:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/78073060-coronavirus-atack-lungs-cell-viruses-attack-cells
43:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/313610419-personal-healthcare-and-drug-use-capsule-hand
47:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/124384288-thermal-scan-coronavirus-fever-passengers-airport
48:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/60057342-human-immune-system-attack-virus
Consulted References:
Refer to Part 3 for all consolidated references for all parts.
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