Part 8
Article: Timeline
My Blog Title: The untold the retold
[https://whc.unesco.org] Source: Angkor, in Cambodia’s northern province of Siem Reap, is one of the most important archaeological sites of Southeast Asia. It extends over approximately 400 square kilometres and consists of scores of temples, hydraulic structures (basins, dykes, reservoirs, canals) as well as communication routes. For several centuries Angkor was the centre of the Khmer Kingdom. With impressive monuments, several different ancient urban plans and large water reservoirs, the site is a unique concentration of features testifying to an exceptional civilization. Temples such as Angkor Wat, the Bayon, Preah Khan and Ta Prohm, exemplars of Khmer architecture, are closely linked to their geographical context as well as being imbued or inspired with symbolic significance. The architecture and layout of the successive capitals bear witness to a high level of social order and ranking within the Khmer Empire. Angkor is therefore a major site exemplifying cultural, religious and symbolic values, as well as containing high architectural, archaeological and artistic significance. From [Wikipedia]: After the transformation from a Hindu centre of worship to Buddhism towards the end of the 12th century, Angkor Wat continues to be a Buddhist center until the present day. Historical records show that Chinese envoy Zhou Daguan and traveller Zheng He visited Angkor Wat in the 13th to 14th centuries. Zheng He studied the temple architecture which was later incorporated in the Dabaoen Temple and Glazed Pagoda. From [AI overview]: Dabaoen Temple and its Glazed Pagoda were once a world-famous wonder in Nanjing, China. From [AI overview]: Zhou Daguan: A Chinese diplomat from the Yuan dynasty who visited Angkor from August 1296 to July 1297. He is famous for his book The Customs of Cambodia, which provides valuable information about the city and the temples, including Angkor Wat. Zheng He: A Chinese envoy who, along with Zhou Daguan, visited the Angkor Wat complex during the 13th to 14th centuries. Zheng He was a 15th-century Chinese admiral who led seven massive naval expeditions, traveling from Southeast Asia to the coasts of India, the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and as far as East Africa. From [Wikipedia]: Zhou Daguan: However, his stay is notable because he later wrote a detailed report on life in Angkor, The Customs of Cambodia. His portrayal is today one of the most important sources of understanding of historical Angkor and the Khmer Empire. Alongside descriptions of several great Buddhist temples, such as the Bayon, the Baphuon, Angkor Wat, and others, the text also offers valuable information on the everyday life and the habits of the inhabitants of Angkor. Antonio da Madelena: A Portuguese friar who was reported to be the first European to visit Angkor Wat in 1589. He reported his observations to historian Diogo do Couto. A friar is similar to a monk. From [AI overview]: Cambodia has at least 4,000 ancient temples, with some estimates based on recent Lidar technology suggesting there could be over 6,000. While the most famous is Angkor Wat, many are located in provinces like Siem Reap, Battambang, Kampong Thom, and Preah Vihar. Ancient temples: The most commonly cited figure is around 4,000 ancient temples, but this number is an estimate based on older documentation.
New discoveries: With new technology like Lidar, which can scan and map from above, the number of identified sites is growing. One report notes that Lidar has located up to 6,000 ancient sites, says [Cambodianess.com]. Location: Most of the temples are concentrated in provinces like Siem Reap, Battambang, Kampong Thom, and Preah Vihar. From [AI overview]: Preah Vihear Temple is an ancient Hindu temple of the Khmer Empire located on a 525-meter cliff in the Dangrek Mountains of Cambodia. It is dedicated to the god Shiva and is known for its unique north-south axis, stunning architecture adapted to the natural environment, and spectacular views of the plains below. The site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered an outstanding masterpiece of Khmer art. Sourced from [https://oceanservice.noaa.gov]: Lidar, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth. These light pulses—combined with other data recorded by the airborne system — generate precise, three-dimensional information about the shape of the Earth and its surface characteristics. From [Wikipedia]: A World Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humankind and serve as evidence of humanity's intellectual history on the planet, or it might be a place of great natural beauty. As of July 2025, a total of 1,248 World Heritage Sites exist across 170 countries. The sites are intended for practical conservation for posterity or futurity which otherwise would be subject to risk from human or animal trespassing, unmonitored, uncontrolled or unrestricted access, or threat from local administrative negligence. Sites are demarcated by UNESCO as protected zones. The World Heritage Sites list is maintained by the international World Heritage Program administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 "states parties" that are elected by the United Nations General Assembly, and advised by reviews of international panels of experts in natural or cultural history, and education.
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Music Sources and Titles: Pixabay
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Picture sources: Peakpx.com and Pexels, Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
1:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/427630927129440231/
5:https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/8000/8170/angorwat_airsars_mosaic_lrg.jpg
6:https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/8000/8170/angorwat_gis_lrg.jpg
7:https://smarthistory.org/angkor-thom/
9:https://i0.wp.com/the-past.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/post-1_image0-90.jpg?fit=33652229&ssl=1
10:https://passportsandphotographs.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Siem-Reap-Temple-Map.jpg
14:https://angkorwat.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/angkor-wat-luftbild.jpg
15:https://heritageangkorshop.com/cdn/shop/products/SA-Maps-A1-S.png?v=1659159185
17:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Ship_carving-angkor.jpg
19:https://lakshmisharath.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/bassreliefs-Bayon.jpg
20:https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2018/10/29/bbc-sounds-cambodias-ancient-khmer-empire/
21:https://culturalguideforcambodia.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-bas-relief-of-bayon-temple.html?m=1
22:https://masaharusato.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/3-angkorwat-monk-meditation.jpg
23:https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E2R2ZIPWEAI3bhr.jpg
24:https://www.tsemrinpoche.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Angkor-feat.jpg
25:https://www.tsemrinpoche.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Cambodia-02-Visak-Bochea-1024x384.jpg
28:https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/91EoinlaP4L._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_FMwebp_.jpg
29:https://www.amazon.com/Customs-Cambodia-Daguan-Kent-Davis/dp/1934431184#immersive-view_1762684614418
32:https://k.sinaimg.cn/n/sinacn/20170106/08fd-fxzkfuh5744528.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg
33:https://k.sinaimg.cn/n/sinacn/20170106/08fd-fxzkfuh5744533.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg
34:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Nanjing_Treasure_Boat_-_P1070978.JPG
37:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Nanjing_Treasure_Ship_model_-_P1080014.JPG
40:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Zhenghemap.jpg
41:https://brainly.com/question/21710372
42:https://p1-tt-ipv6.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/fa4bd9752efb4c12ab67a6f61976f558.jpg
43:https://cms-imgp.jw-cdn.org/img/p/102013327/univ/art/102013327_univ_lsr_lg.jpg
44:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/UB_Maastricht_-_Nieuhof_1665_-_Toren.jpg
45:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Postul%C3%ADnsturninn_af_Nanjing.jpg
48:https://www.facebook.com/share/178i7h79nd/
49:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/17dAoWAdBz/
50:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1BbiPHZkUP/
52:https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1HsPMB3CTT/
53:https://www.facebook.com/share/1JtYuL7Kux/
54:https://helloangkor.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/HA5D5069.jpg
59:https://www.gatewayhouse.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Map-1-2.png
60:https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/d/images/3/31/Macau_Trade_Routes.png
61:https://gizmodo.com/aerial-laser-scans-uncover-hidden-early-capital-of-the-1839061686
63:https://www.odt.co.nz/sites/default/files/story/2024/12/lidar.jpg
64:https://image.freshnewsasia.com/2021/id-024/fn-2023-06-11-13-39-08-10.jpg
65:https://justsiemreap.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/siem-reap-temple-guide.jpg
67:https://www.cambotours.com/userfiles/thumbs/prasat-kuh-nokor-kampong-thom.jpg
68:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/One_of_many_temples_in_Sambor_Prei_Kuk.jpg
69:https://www.gocambodia.tours/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Preah-Khan-temple-768x512.jpg
70:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Sambor_Prei_Kuk_S.jpg
71:https://freedomdestinations.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Cambodia-Experience.png
72:https://merrytravelasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Map-of-Cambodia-Kampong-Thom-Province.jpg
73:https://helloangkor.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IMG_20220204_083648-e1645525083850.jpg
74:https://visitlocaltravel.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Baset-Temple.png
77:https://khiri.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/1.jpg
79:https://napv.gov.kh/uploads/images/_ecb2_images/gallery_ss_151/DJI_0327.JPG
80:https://napv.gov.kh/uploads/images/_ecb2_images/gallery_ss_210/3.JPG
81:https://napv.gov.kh/uploads/images/_ecb2_images/gallery_ss_211/DJI_0931.JPG
82:https://cdn.audleytravel.com/1050/750/79/15994978-aerial-view-of-preah-vihear.webp
84:https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0305440316300644-gr1_lrg.jpg
85:https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0305440316300644-gr2_lrg.jpg
86:https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0305440316300644-gr4_lrg.jpg
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88:https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0305440316300644-gr7_lrg.jpg
89:https://heritageangkorshop.com/cdn/shop/products/SA-Maps-A1-LED.png?v=1659158480
91:https://www.asiakingtravel.com/cuploads/files/Preah-Vihear-2.jpg
92:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preah_Vihear#/media/File%3A03_Prasat_Preah_Vihear-nX-06478.jpg
93:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Temple_of_Preah_Vihear-129336.jpg
94:https://www.visitsoutheastasia.travel/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/shutterstock_743466886.jpg
96:https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/images/uploads/26W6ENNA2GCG/1.jpg
98:https://cdn.statcdn.com/Infographic/images/normal/30943.jpeg
99:https://whc.unesco.org/en/wallmap
101:https://whc.unesco.org/include/tool_image_bootstrap.cfm?id=207774
102:https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/news_903-1336-752-20250911152159.jpg
103:https://whc.unesco.org/document/118489/t=3by2&extension=webp
104:https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/news_1514-890-520-20160628153229.jpg
105:https://www.vliz.be/projects/marineworldheritage/images/logo.png
106:https://whc.unesco.org/document/220769?t=3by2&1
108:https://cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/2021/11/04/219893-02.jpg
109:https://www.europeangeoparks.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/UNESCO-36.jpg
110:https://cdn.statcdn.com/Infographic/images/normal/23622.jpeg
111:https://smarthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/angkor-thom-plan-aerial-copy.jpg
Video Sources: Pexels and Pixabay in PowerDirector and other websites:
114:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/90758983-angkor-wat-temple-aerial-view-siem-reap-cambodia
116:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/53066202-sunset-pan-angkor-archaeological-park-angkor-wat
117:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/115543037-cambodia-siem-reap-zoom-space
118:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/69871808-4k-earth-zoom-angkor-wat-cambodia
119:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/83533920-aerial-view-over-ta-prohm-temple-angkor-cambodia
121:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/74543618-ta-prohm-temple-angkor-wat-cambodia
123:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/106248427-bayon-temple-angkor-compex-siem-reap-cambodia
126:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/264864589-ancient-angkor-temple-distance-siem-reap-cambodia
129:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/137417004-ta-som-angkor-wat-jungle-near-siem-reap-cambodia
136:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/73644309-aerial-shot-angkor-wat-temple-sunrise-cambodia
141:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/128315725-ta-prohm-temple-exterior-siem-reap-cambodia
144:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/106825196-ancient-heritage-bas-relief-walls-bapuon-temple
155:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/80049438-buddhist-monks-meditating-outside-angkor-wat
158:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/319468140-aerial-view-usnisa-palace-nanjing-china
159:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/319468097-aerial-view-usnisa-palace-nanjing-china
160:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/319468089-aerial-view-ancient-city-wall-nanjing-china
161:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/319468122-aerial-view-usnisa-palace-nanjing-china
164:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/221467934-ancient-chinese-sailing-ship
166:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/51025048-chinese-ancient-coins
167:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/108158443-views-bayon-temple-angkor-thom-siem-reap-cambodia
168:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/161445703-cambodia-angkor-wat-thom-baphuon-temple-siem-reap
169:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/161445807-cambodia-angkor-wat-thom-baphuon-temple-siem-reap
170:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/108150670-area-inside-angkor-wat-siem-reap-cambodia
172:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/313952391-preah-vihear-drone-footage-kimlong-meng-7
173:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/313952546-preah-vihear-drone-footage-kimlong-meng-14
174:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/313952352-preah-vihear-drone-footage-kimlong-meng-3
176:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/95710312-preah-vihear-temple-thai-cambodia-border
177:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/95710314-preah-vihear-temple-thai-cambodia-border-sunset
191:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/165462438-unesco-41-general-conference
192:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/165462449-unesco-41-general-conference
193:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/165462417-unesco-41-general-conference
194:https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/23304451-un-general-assembly-hall-unga-its-headquarters-nyc
Consulted References:
Refer to Part 1: Timeline_the untold_the retold for combined references of all parts.


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