Part 45 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN Q 960 AD to 1279 AD Song Dynasty China 18 Emperors Duration: 319 Years • Kingdom of Georgia: Located in the Caucasus region, spanning the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe 1008 AD to 1490 AD • North Sea empire Denmark 1016 AD to 1035 AD • Hoysala dynasty or empire India 1026 AD to 1343 AD From [https://grokipedia.com]: The Hoysala Kingdom 's territorial expansion was driven by opportunistic military campaigns exploiting the weakening of overlords or supreme rulers like the Western Chalukyas and Cholas amid regional power shifts in the early 12th century. From [AI overview]: Feudalism is the structured hierarchy where kings owned most land, distributing it to nobles (tenants-in-chief) who then subdivided it to knight warriors. It combined political, military, and economic functions, primarily to provide security in a weak central government. Fe...
Part 45
Article: Timeline
My Blog Title: The untold the retold
Click on PDF to download from Part 1
COLUMN Q
960 AD to 1279 AD
Song Dynasty China
18 Emperors
Duration: 319 Years
•Kingdom of Georgia: Located in the Caucasus region, spanning the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe 1008 AD to 1490 AD
•North Sea empire Denmark
1016 AD to 1035 AD
•Hoysala dynasty or empire India
1026 AD to 1343 AD
From [https://grokipedia.com]: The Hoysala Kingdom's territorial expansion was driven by opportunistic military campaigns exploiting the weakening of overlords or supreme rulers like the Western Chalukyas and Cholas amid regional power shifts in the early 12th century. From [AI overview]: Feudalism is the structured hierarchy where kings owned most land, distributing it to nobles (tenants-in-chief) who then subdivided it to knight warriors. It combined political, military, and economic functions, primarily to provide security in a weak central government. Feudalism is the structure of society; a feudatory is the landholder acting within that structure. Continued from [https://grokipedia.com]: Under King Vishnuvardhana 1108–1152 AD, the Hoysalas transitioned from feudatories to independent powers through decisive victories against the Cholas, particularly in the battle of Talakad in 1116, where Hoysala forces routed Chola armies led under Kulothunga 1st, securing control over Gangavadi and earning Vishnuvardhana the title Talakadugonda or “Conqueror of Talakad” key city in the Gangavadi region as attested in contemporary coins and inscriptions. These successes extended Hoysala influence into Kongu Nadu by the 1130s, with expeditions collecting tribute from Chola-held territories, capitalizing on Chola overextension following their northern campaigns. From [AI overview]: King Vishnuvardhana of the Hoysala dynasty built the famous Chennakesava Temple in Belur, Karnataka, which is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. From [Wikipedia]: The Hoysala period was a significant era for the development of South Indian art, architecture, and literature. Over 100 temples from this period survive, showcasing intricate Hoysala architecture.
•Ramala earthquake Fatimid Caliphate: now West Bank part of the Palestinian Territories [death toll 70,000]
10 December 1033
•Great Seljuq empire or dynasty
Asia Minor Persia
1037 AD to 1194 AD
•Almoravid dynasty or empire
Morocco Africa 1040 AD to 1147 AD
•Tabriz earthquake Abbasid Caliphate, now Iran [death toll 50,000]
4 November 1042
•Massacre of the Jews of Granada Spain [death toll 4,000] 30 December 1066
•Uyunid dynasty: Arabian Emirate
1076 AD to 1253 AD
•Khwarezmid empire Persia
1077 AD to 1221 AD Persia is the historical name for the region corresponding to modern-day Iran.
•Crusades (Europe Middle east)
[death toll 1,732,051÷2]
1095 AD to 1291 AD
From [AI overview]: The Crusades 1095–1291 AD were a series of religious wars between European Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land, resulting in massive casualties, with estimates often ranging from 1 to 9 million total dead. While initiated to seize Jerusalem, these conflicts, detailed on Wikipedia and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, also intensified Eastern-Western trade, exchanged knowledge, and accelerated the decline of the Byzantine Empire. From [AI overview]: Crusade knight warriors were primarily comprised of elite, heavy cavalry from military orders and feudal vassals, heavily armored and committed to religious warfare. A feudal vassal was a noble in medieval Europe who pledged loyalty and military service (fealty) to a higher lord or monarch (suzerain) in exchange for protection and a land grant known as a fief. This relationship was central to feudalism, allowing kings to maintain armies through decentralized land ownership rather than a professional, paid military. Key types of the Knights Warriors: Knight Templar for (banking and protection), Hospitallers for (medical care and fighting), and Teutonic Knights for (German crusaders). Key Types of Crusader Knight Orders “Knights Templar”: Founded to protect pilgrims, they became a wealthy, highly disciplined military force, famous for their white mantles with a red cross. Knights Hospitaller (Order of St. John): Initially focused on running hospitals, they evolved into a formidable military order specializing in both healthcare and warfare, often wearing black with a white cross. Teutonic Knights: Mostly German, this order focused on crusades in the Holy Land but later gained prominence in Eastern Europe (Baltic region). Order of St. Lazarus: Unique for its early composition of leper knights, this order was known for its dedication to the sick and intense bravery in battle. The Order of Saint Lazarus was a unique medieval military order, founded around 1119 in Jerusalem, dedicated to caring for knights and pilgrims suffering from leprosy. These "leper knights" were primarily former members of other orders, such as the Knights Templar, who contracted leprosy and were mandated to transfer to St. Lazarus. They were known for extreme bravery in battle, sometimes fighting with reckless abandon. Medieval leprosy, peaking between the 11th and 14th centuries, was a feared bacterial disease (Mycobacterium leprae) viewed as both a physical malady “sickness” and a divine punishment or a spiritual curse. Afflicted individuals were often legally "dead" and forced to isolate, yet they were often cared for by religious communities, and maintained some social ties. Spanish Military Orders (Calatrava and Santiago): These orders fought during the Reconquista, adapting crusader ideals to fight against Moorish forces. Knights of the Holy Sepulchre: One of the earliest orders, focused on protecting the Holy Sepulchre itself. Moorish forces in the medieval period were primarily composed of Berber and Arab Muslim soldiers from North Africa, often incorporating sub-Saharan African soldiers and mercenaries. They were the primary drivers of the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (known as Al-Andalus) beginning in 711 AD and ruled large sections of modern-day Spain and Portugal for nearly 800 years.
The next 32 items of “COLUMN Q” 960 AD to 1279 AD continued on Part [46 to 50]
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Consulted References:
Refer to Part 1: Timeline_the untold_the retold for combined references of all parts.
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