Part 49 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN Q 960 AD to 1279 AD Song Dynasty China 18 Emperors Duration: 319 Years From [AI overview]: During the medieval period (approx. 500–1500 CE), Christianity was not a single unified entity but was classified into distinct, often competing, branches, with the Western Latin Church dominating Europe while the Eastern Orthodox Church controlled Eastern Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The central division occurred in 1054 CE with the Great Schism, which formally separated Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern (Greek Orthodox) traditions. Major Institutional Branches: Roman Catholic Church (Western or Latin Church): Centered in Rome under the Pope, this was the dominant religious institution in Western Europe. It was highly hierarchical, consisting of the Pope, cardinals, bishops, and local priests. Eastern Orthodox Church (Byzantine Church): Based in Constantinople, this branch was h...
Part 27 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: [10.23] The first successful transplant of a functional cryopreserved mammalian kidney was reported. The study demonstrated a "nano-warming" technique for vitrification for up-to-100 days preservation of transplant organs. Sourced from [frontiersin.org] titled: “Supercooling: a promising technique for prolonged preservation in solid organ transplantation, and early perspectives in vascularized composite allografts.” Several teams had been working on fast and uniform rewarming of vitrified organs using nanoparticles, with promising results in kidneys. In contrast to partial freezing, supercooling aimed to achieve preservation at below 0°C temperatures while avoiding ice nucleation. The prevention of ice formation had to be done both in the extracellular and intracellular spaces. Extracellular space refers to the part of a ...