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Part 25 The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.

Part 25 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: [10.23] The first successful transplant of a functional cryopreserved mammalian kidney was reported. The study demonstrated a "nano-warming" technique for vitrification for up-to-100 days preservation of transplant organs. Sourced from [frontiersin.org] titled: “Supercooling: a promising technique for prolonged preservation in solid organ transplantation, and early perspectives in vascularized composite allografts.” From the perspective of temperature, machine perfusion can be classified into four categories: HMP “hypothermic machine perfusion” (0°C to 12°C), MMP “mid-thermic machine perfusion” (13°C to 24°C), SNMP “subnormothermic machine perfusion” (25°C to 34°C), and NMP “normothermic machine perfusion” (35°C to 38°C). As metabolic activity increases exponentially with increasing temperature, the required amount of oxy...

Part 15 The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.

Part 15 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: Notable innovations: a large language model (ProGen) that could generate functional protein sequences  with a predictable function, with the input including tags specifying protein properties. For example, sickle cell anemia is due to a single sequence change in which a single amino acid (the glutamic acid that is usually in the sixth position of the protein chain) is replaced by a valine, a branched-chain essential amino acid, in the Beta-globin subunit of the hemoglobin protein. Glutamic acid is an amino acid used to form proteins. Amyloid fibrils are formed by normally soluble proteins, which assemble to form insoluble fibers that are resistant to degradation. Their formation can accompany disease and each disease is characterized by a specific protein or peptide that aggregates. Lastly, crafting a grammatically correct but ...

Part 14 The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines.

Part 14 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 5th Industrial Revolution - Personalisation [“Human and AI” “Science-Info-Tech”] From Current Dates to 2020 AD [Refer to Part 1 to 3 for the explanatory overview of how the contents are structured and timelines are mapped.]   2023: Notable innovations: a large language model (ProGen) that could generate functional protein sequences  with a predictable function, with the input including tags specifying protein properties. Put simply, syntax refers to grammar, while semantics refers to meaning. Syntax is the set of rules needed to ensure a sentence is grammatically correct; semantics is how one's lexicon or all the vocabularies, grammatical structure, tone, and other elements of a sentence coalesce or combine to communicate its meaning. Analogous to natural language, we could interpret the primary sequence of proteins as a langu...