Part 49 Article: Timeline My Blog Title: The untold the retold Click on PDF to download from Part 1 COLUMN Q 960 AD to 1279 AD Song Dynasty China 18 Emperors Duration: 319 Years From [AI overview]: During the medieval period (approx. 500–1500 CE), Christianity was not a single unified entity but was classified into distinct, often competing, branches, with the Western Latin Church dominating Europe while the Eastern Orthodox Church controlled Eastern Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The central division occurred in 1054 CE with the Great Schism, which formally separated Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern (Greek Orthodox) traditions. Major Institutional Branches: Roman Catholic Church (Western or Latin Church): Centered in Rome under the Pope, this was the dominant religious institution in Western Europe. It was highly hierarchical, consisting of the Pope, cardinals, bishops, and local priests. Eastern Orthodox Church (Byzantine Church): Based in Constantinople, this branch was h...
Part 45 Article: Biotechnology My Blog Title: The world, from the past to the present, retold from the timelines. Click on PDF to download from Part 3 2023: [8.29] Notable innovations: CRISPR-freebase editing system without guide RNA that enabled also editing chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes with precision (CyDENT). Sourced from [twinkl.com] titled “What is a Chloroplast?” Chloroplasts are mostly oval-shaped blobs, but they can come in shapes like stars and ribbons too. A chloroplast is protected by a smooth outer membrane which holds all of its material. They contain chlorophyll, which is the pigment that gives plants their green colour. Chloroplasts are important to the growth of the plant because they turn sunlight into energy for the plant to use. This is a process called photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are multi-talented. They also store energy for the plant cell and fight off diseases. They are an important part of the cell’s immune system which helps it to stay healthy. Just l...